How mortgage repayments are worked out
On a repayment mortgage, the amount borrowed, the rate and the term set a fixed monthly payment. Each payment covers that month’s interest and pays off some of the loan. Early on, most of it goes on interest. As the balance falls, more of each payment clears the debt.
On an interest-only mortgage, you pay just the interest and still owe the full amount at the end, so you need a plan to repay it. Unless a calculator says otherwise, the tools here assume a repayment mortgage.
Deposit and loan-to-value (LTV)
LTV is your mortgage as a percentage of the property’s value. Borrow £240,000 on a £300,000 home and your LTV is 80%, with a £60,000 deposit before buying costs.
Lenders usually price their deals in LTV bands, often at 95%, 90%, 85%, 75% and 60%. Dropping into a lower band can cut your rate, so check how close you are to the next one. Don’t pour every penny into the deposit, though. You’ll still need cash for fees and emergencies.
Fixed, tracker and variable rates
A fixed rate usually lasts for a set deal period, often two or five years, not the whole mortgage. A tracker moves with the Bank of England base rate plus a set margin. Other variable rates can change at the lender’s discretion. When a deal ends, you normally move onto the lender’s standard variable rate unless you arrange a new one.
Most repayment calculators hold your rate steady for the full term, so run a second check at a higher rate to see what a rise would do.
Rate, APRC and fees
The initial rate sets your payment during the deal. The APRC shows the cost across the whole term, including fees and the rate you move onto afterwards. A low rate with a big product fee can cost more over a two-year deal than a slightly higher rate with no fee.
When comparing deals, line up the rate, product and broker fees, any cashback or free legal work, early repayment charges and the follow-on rate, and work out the cost over the time you expect to keep the deal.
Property tax depends on where you buy
Stamp Duty Land Tax applies in England and Northern Ireland. Scotland has Land and Buildings Transaction Tax and Wales has Land Transaction Tax. The bill depends on the price, whether you’re a first-time buyer and whether you already own property. Rates change, so check the current figure with HMRC, Revenue Scotland or the Welsh Revenue Authority.